Dot quy nao tai Dak Lak la mot tinh trang cap cuu nguy hiem, xay ra khi mach mau nuoi nao bi tac nghen hoac bi vo, khien te bao nao bi thieu oxy, ton thuong va co the chet nhanh chong. Day la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan hang dau gay tu vong va tan tat, nhung neu duoc phat hien va dieu tri som, nguoi benh co the giam dang ke nguy co bien chung.

Bai viet duoi day giup nhan biet dau hieu dot quy nao, hieu cac yeu to nguy co, biet cach so cuu dung va chu dong tim kiem dich vu cap cuu, dieu tri phu hop tai Dak Lak.

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Dot quy nao la gi?

Dot quy nao, con goi la tai bien mach mau nao, xay ra khi qua trinh cung cap mau cho mot vung nao bi gian doan hoac mach mau nao bi vo. Nao can oxy va chat dinh duong lien tuc de hoat dong; khi dong mau bi anh huong, cac te bao than kinh co the ton thuong chi trong thoi gian ngan.

Dot quy nao duoc chia thanh hai dang chinh:



Dot quy thieu mau cuc bo

Thuong gap nhat

Xay ra khi cuc mau dong hoac mang xo vua lam tac mach mau nao. Vung nao phia sau vi tri tac khong nhan du oxy, dan den suy giam chuc nang than kinh.



Dot quy xuat huyet nao Xay ra khi mach mau trong nao bi vo, gay chay mau vao nhu mo nao hoac cac khoang xung quanh nao. Tinh trang nay co the lam tang ap luc noi so va gay ton thuong nao nghiem trong.

Ngoai ra, con thieu mau nao thoang qua (TIA) co the gay cac trieu chung giong dot quy nhung thuong tu het trong thoi gian ngan. TIA la dau hieu canh bao quan trong, khong nen chu quan vi co the bao truoc mot con dot quy thuc su.

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Dau hieu dot quy nao can nhan biet som

Dot quy thuong xuat hien dot ngot. Nguoi benh co the dang sinh hoat binh thuong roi bat ngo gap mot hoac nhieu bieu hien sau:

1. Meo mieng, lech mat

Mot ben mat bi xe xuong, kho cuoi deu, nhan trung lech hoac nguoi benh khong the giu hai ben mieng can doi. Day la dau hieu thuong gap khi vung nao dieu khien co mat bi ton thuong.

Tham khao them: BVDK Thien Hanh

2. Yeu hoac liet mot ben co the

Nguoi benh co the dot ngot yeu tay, yeu chan hoac liet nua nguoi. Khi yeu cau gio hai tay, mot tay co the roi xuong hoac khong the nang len.

Day la dau hieu dac biet quan trong, nhat la khi xuat hien cung meo mieng hoac noi kho.

3. Noi kho, noi do, khong hieu loi

Nguoi benh co the noi khong ro, phat am kho, dung tu sai, khong dien dat duoc y hoac khong hieu loi nguoi khac. Mot so truong hop chi bieu hien bang viec noi bat thuong so voi moi ngay.

4. Roi loan thi luc

Dot ngot nhin mo, nhin doi, mat thi luc mot ben mat hoac mat mot phan truong nhin co the la dau hieu dot quy. Nguoi benh cung co the gap kho khan khi nhin hoac dinh huong.

5. Chong mat, mat thang bang, di lai kho khan

Mot so truong hop dot quy, dac biet o vung tieu nao hoac than nao, co the gay chong mat du doi, loang choang, mat phoi hop dong tac hoac khong the dung vung.

Khong nen cho rang moi truong hop chong mat deu la roi loan tien dinh. Neu chong mat xuat hien dot ngot kem noi kho, yeu tay chan hoac nhin doi, can cap cuu ngay.

6. Dau dau du doi dot ngot

Dau dau xuat hien rat nhanh, du doi bat thuong, co the kem non oi, cung co, roi loan y thuc hoac yeu liet. Day la dau hieu dac biet can canh giac voi xuat huyet nao.

7. Lu lan, co giat hoac mat y thuc

Nguoi benh co the dot ngot lo mo, khong dap ung, co giat hoac hon me. Day la nhung bieu hien nang, can goi cap cuu ngay lap tuc.

Cach nhan biet nhanh dot quy: FAST

Mot cach don gian de ghi nho dau hieu dot quy la FAST:

F

Face – Khuon mat Yeu cau nguoi benh cuoi. Mot ben mat co bi xe hoac meo khong?

A

Arms – Canh tay Yeu cau gio ca hai tay. Mot tay co bi yeu hoac roi xuong khong?

S

Speech – Loi noi Yeu cau noi mot cau don gian. Nguoi benh co noi kho, noi do hoac khong hieu loi khong?

T

Time – Thoi gian Neu co bat ky dau hieu nao, hay goi cap cuu ngay. Moi phut deu quan trong.

Luu y: Khong can cho xuat hien du ca ba dau hieu mat, tay va loi noi. Chi can mot dau hieu nghi ngo dot quy cung du de goi cap cuu.

Dot quy nao co the xay ra o nhung ai?

Mac du nguy co tang theo tuoi, dot quy nao khong chi xay ra o nguoi cao tuoi. Nguoi tre cung co the mac benh do cac yeu to nguy co nhu tang huyet ap, roi loan dong mau, di dang mach mau, benh tim hoac loi song thieu lanh manh.

Cac yeu to nguy co thuong gap gom:

Tang huyet ap: yeu to nguy co quan trong hang dau, dac biet lien quan den xuat huyet nao.

Rung nhi va benh tim: co the hinh thanh cuc mau dong di chuyen len nao.

Dai thao duong: lam ton thuong mach mau va thuc day xo vua.

Mo mau cao, xo vua dong mach.

Hut thuoc la, su dung ruou bia qua muc.

Beo phi, it van dong, che do an nhieu muoi va chat beo khong lanh manh.

Tien su TIA hoac dot quy.

Mot so benh ly mach mau, roi loan dong mau hoac di dang mach mau nao.

Ngung thuoc dieu tri huyet ap, tieu duong, tim mach hoac thuoc chong dong khi chua co huong dan cua bac si.

Dot quy nao tai Dak Lak: Vi sao can cap cuu som?

Doi voi nguoi dan tai Buon Ma Thuot va cac khu vuc khac cua Dak Lak, viec nhan biet dot quy va tiep can co so y te co kha nang cap cuu than kinh la rat quan trong. Khoang cach di chuyen, thoi gian phat hien benh va kha nang danh gia hinh anh nao deu co the anh huong den co hoi dieu tri.

Trong dot quy thieu mau nao, mot so nguoi benh co the duoc xem xet dieu tri tai thong mach nhu thuoc tieu soi huyet hoac lay huyet khoi co hoc, tuy thoi gian khoi phat, ket qua chan doan hinh anh va tieu chuan chuyen mon. Khong phai tat ca nguoi benh deu phu hop voi cac phuong phap nay.

Doi voi xuat huyet nao, bac si co the can kiem soat huyet ap, ap luc noi so, roi loan dong mau va danh gia chi dinh can thiep ngoai khoa hoac cac phuong phap dieu tri khac.

Dieu quan trong nhat la khong tu xac dinh loai dot quy tai nha. Chi chup CT hoac MRI nao cung danh gia chuyen mon moi giup phan biet nguyen nhan va lua chon huong dieu tri phu hop.

Can lam gi khi nghi ngo nguoi than bi dot quy?

Khi phat hien nguoi benh co dau hieu nghi ngo, hay thuc hien cac buoc sau:

1

Goi cap cuu ngay Lien he 115 hoac he thong cap cuu dia phuong. Noi ro nguoi benh nghi dot quy, trieu chung bat dau luc nao va dia diem hien tai.

2

Ghi nho thoi diem khoi phat Ghi lai thoi diem nguoi benh lan cuoi con binh thuong. Thong tin nay rat quan trong de bac si danh gia kha nang dieu tri.

3

Dat nguoi benh o tu the an toan Neu con tinh, cho nam hoac ngoi o tu the thoai mai, noi long quan ao. Neu non hoac giam y thuc, dat nam nghieng de han che nguy co sac, dong thoi theo doi nhip tho.

4

Khong cho an uong hoac tu dung thuoc Nguoi benh co the bi roi loan nuot, de sac. Khong tu cho uong aspirin, thuoc ha ap, thuoc chong dong hoac thuoc dan gian khi chua co chi dinh.

5

Dua den co so y te co kha nang cap cuu Uu tien van chuyen bang xe cap cuu neu co the. Khong tu lai xe neu nguoi benh dang yeu liet, lo mo hoac kho tho.

Nhung viec khong nen lam

Khong cao gio, cham cuu, bam huyet hoac chich mau de “giai dot quy”.

Khong doi trieu chung tu het.

Khong tu cho nguoi benh uong nuoc, sua hoac thuoc khi co dau hieu kho nuot.

Khong tu dung thuoc ha huyet ap de ha ap that nhanh.

Khong tri hoan viec den benh vien de tim thuoc hoac ap dung meo dan gian.

Chan doan dot quy nao bang phuong phap nao?

Khi den benh vien, nguoi benh thuong duoc danh gia nhanh de xac dinh co phai dot quy hay khong, loai dot quy va muc do ton thuong.

Cac phuong phap co the bao gom:

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Phuong phap

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Muc dich

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Kham than kinh

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Danh gia y thuc, suc co, ngon ngu, thi luc, phan xa va muc do thieu hut than kinh.

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CT nao

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Giup phat hien xuat huyet nao va mot so ton thuong khac; thuong duoc su dung nhanh trong cap cuu.

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MRI nao

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Co the phat hien ton thuong thieu mau nao som va ho tro danh gia mot so truong hop dac biet.

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CT mach mau hoac MRI mach mau

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Tim vi tri tac mach, hep mach hoac bat thuong mach mau.

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Xet nghiem mau

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Danh gia duong huyet, cong thuc mau, dong mau va cac yeu to lien quan truoc dieu tri.

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Dien tim, sieu am tim

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Tim nguyen nhan tu tim, chang han rung nhi hoac cuc mau dong.

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Dieu tri va phuc hoi sau dot quy nao

Dieu tri dot quy phu thuoc vao loai benh, thoi gian khoi phat va tinh trang nguoi benh.

Dieu tri giai doan cap

Theo doi va bao dam duong tho, ho hap, tuan hoan.

Kiem soat huyet ap, duong huyet, than nhiet va cac yeu to nguy hiem.

Dieu tri tai thong mach neu phu hop voi tieu chuan chuyen mon.

Xu tri xuat huyet, phu nao, roi loan dong mau hoac cac bien chung.

Theo doi nuot, phong sac, viem phoi va huyet khoi tinh mach.

Phuc hoi chuc nang

Sau giai doan cap, nguoi benh co the can phuc hoi chuc nang som va lien tuc:

Vat ly tri lieu: cai thien suc co, thang bang va kha nang di lai.

Hoat dong tri lieu: tap cac hoat dong sinh hoat hang ngay.

Am ngu tri lieu: ho tro roi loan noi, ngon ngu va nuot.

Tu van tam ly: ho tro tram cam, lo au hoac thay doi cam xuc sau dot quy.

Dinh duong: xay dung che do an phu hop, nhat la khi nguoi benh kho nuot.

Qua trinh phuc hoi co the keo dai nhieu tuan, nhieu thang hoac lau hon. Muc do hoi phuc phu thuoc vi tri ton thuong, muc do nang, tuoi, benh nen va viec dieu tri, tap luyen dung cach.

Phong ngua dot quy nao tai Dak Lak

Phong ngua la cach quan trong de giam nguy co dot quy. Nguoi dan nen:

Kiem soat huyet ap thuong xuyen. Nguoi bi tang huyet ap can dung thuoc dung chi dinh, khong tu y ngung thuoc khi thay khoe.

Kiem soat duong huyet va mo mau, dac biet o nguoi mac dai thao duong hoac roi loan lipid mau.

Bo thuoc la, han che ruou bia va tranh su dung cac chat kich thich.

An uong lanh manh: giam muoi, han che thuc pham nhieu chat beo bao hoa, tang rau xanh, trai cay va thuc pham giau chat xo.

Tap the duc deu dan, phu hop voi tuoi va tinh trang suc khoe.

Duy tri can nang hop ly, ngu du giac va kiem soat cang thang.

Kham suc khoe dinh ky, nhat la nguoi co tien su gia dinh bi dot quy, benh tim mach hoac cac yeu to nguy co.

Dieu tri rung nhi va cac benh tim mach dung huong dan, dac biet tuan thu thuoc chong dong neu duoc ke don.

Khong chu quan voi TIA: du trieu chung da het, nguoi benh van can duoc kham som de danh gia nguy co dot quy.

Kham va cap cuu dot quy nao tai Benh vien da khoa Thien Hanh hospital

Khi co dau hieu nghi ngo dot quy nao tai Dak Lak, nguoi benh can duoc dua den co so y te co kha nang cap cuu va chan doan hinh anh than kinh cang som cang tot. Benh vien da khoa Thien Hanh hospital la mot dia chi nguoi dan co the tim hieu khi can tham kham cac van de suc khoe, trong do co cac trieu chung nghi ngo dot quy.

Tuy nhien, dot quy la cap cuu theo thoi gian, khong nen tri hoan viec goi 115 hoac dua nguoi benh den co so co kha nang xu tri cap cuu chi de lua chon benh vien. Nguoi nha nen lien he truoc voi co so y te de hoi ve kha nang tiep nhan cap cuu dot quy, chup CT/MRI va cac phuong phap dieu tri phu hop.

Khi di kham hoac nhap vien, nen mang theo:

Danh sach thuoc dang su dung, dac biet thuoc huyet ap, tieu duong, chong dong hoac chong ket tap tieu cau.

Tien su benh tim mach, tang huyet ap, dai thao duong.

Ket qua xet nghiem, chan doan hinh anh truoc do neu co.

Thong tin ve thoi diem nguoi benh lan cuoi con binh thuong.

Cau hoi thuong gap ve dot quy nao

Dot quy nao co chua khoi hoan toan duoc khong?

Mot so nguoi benh co the hoi phuc tot, dac biet khi duoc dieu tri som va phuc hoi chuc nang phu hop. Tuy nhien, muc do hoi phuc phu thuoc vao loai dot quy, vung nao bi ton thuong, muc do nang va tinh trang suc khoe. Mot so truong hop co the de lai yeu liet, roi loan ngon ngu, nuot hoac nhan thuc.

Dot quy co phai luc nao cung gay dau dau khong?

Khong. Nhieu truong hop dot quy thieu mau nao khong gay dau dau ro ret ma bieu hien bang yeu liet, meo mieng hoac noi kho. Dau dau du doi dot ngot thuong khien bac si dac biet luu y den xuat huyet nao, nhung khong phai dau hieu bat buoc.

Nguoi tre co bi dot quy nao khong?

Co. Nguoi tre van co the bi dot quy do benh tim, roi loan dong mau, di dang mach mau, tang huyet ap, hut thuoc hoac cac nguyen nhan khac. Vi vay, khong nen bo qua dau hieu dot quy chi vi nguoi benh con tre.

Co nen cho nguoi nghi dot quy uong aspirin khong?

Khong nen tu y cho uong aspirin. Dot quy co the do tac mach hoac xuat huyet. Neu la xuat huyet nao, dung aspirin co the lam tinh trang chay mau nang hon. Viec su dung thuoc phai dua tren chan doan va chi dinh cua bac si.

Sau dot quy co can uong thuoc suot doi khong?

Tuy nguyen nhan va benh nen. Mot so nguoi can dieu tri lau dai de phong tai phat, chang han thuoc kiem soat huyet ap, mo mau, thuoc chong ket tap tieu cau hoac chong dong. Nguoi benh khong nen tu ngung thuoc khi chua trao doi voi bac si.

Ket luan

Dot quy nao tai Dak Lak la tinh trang can duoc nhan biet va xu tri khan cap. Cac dau hieu nhu meo mieng, yeu liet mot ben, noi kho, nhin mo, mat thang bang hoac dau dau du doi dot ngot deu can duoc xem la canh bao nghiem trong.

Hay ghi nho: phat hien som – goi cap cuu – ghi nho thoi diem khoi phat – khong tu dung thuoc – dua den co so y te co kha nang xu tri. Chu dong kiem soat huyet ap, duong huyet, mo mau, bo thuoc la va duy tri loi song lanh manh cung la nhung bien phap quan trong giup giam nguy co dot quy trong cong dong.